Nota belajar Bahasa Inggeris untuk muka surat 301–340 berdasarkan buku High School English Grammar and Composition (Wren & Martin)

Bahagian ini meliputi latihan penulisan lanjutan (advanced composition), pembetulan ayat, dan latihan gaya bahasa (style & vocabulary improvement).

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📄 Page 301 – Advanced Composition Practice

✍️ Tujuan: Menguji kemahiran menulis karangan yang lebih matang & tersusun.
Jenis latihan:

1. Ubah ayat ringkas jadi ayat kompleks.

2. Gunakan idioms, proverbs & connectors dengan betul.

3. Kekalkan coherence (aliran idea).

📘 Contoh:

• Simple: He worked hard. He succeeded.

• Improved: Because he worked hard, he succeeded in his goal.

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📄 Page 302 – Essay Topics for Practice

Senarai tajuk latihan menulis (exam style):

1. The Importance of Discipline

2. My Role Model

3. Pollution and Its Effects

4. The Use of Technology in Education

5. Patience is a Virtue

Tip: Guna 3 perenggan utama – introduction, body, conclusion.

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📄 Page 303 – Letter Writing Revision

🔹 Formal Letter Reminder:

• Address, Date, Salutation, Subject, Body, Closing.
  🔹 Informal Letter Reminder:

• Gaya mesra & peribadi.
  🔹 Business Letter Tip:

• Ringkas & terus ke isi penting.

• Elak frasa berulang.

📘 Contoh formal closing:

Thank you for your kind consideration.
Yours faithfully,

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📄 Page 304 – Paragraph Improvement Exercise

Uji kecekapan memperbaiki struktur ayat:

1. Gabungkan ayat pendek.

2. Betulkan urutan logik.

3. Tambah penanda wacana.

📘 Contoh sebelum:

The boy fell. He hurt. He cried.
✅ Selepas:
The boy fell, hurt his knee, and began to cry.

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📄 Page 305 – Vocabulary Expansion

Latihan sinonim, antonim, dan perkataan seerti.

Word	Synonym	Antonym
brave	courageous	cowardly
sincere	honest	dishonest
joy	happiness	sorrow

📘 Tip: Guna sinonim untuk elak pengulangan dalam karangan.

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📄 Page 306 – Confusing Words Practice

Beza perkataan hampir sama ejaan:

Word	Meaning	Example
affect	to influence	The weather affects me.
effect	result	The new rule had a good effect.
loose	not tight	The rope is loose.
lose	to misplace	Don’t lose your pen.

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📄 Page 307 – Sentence Variety

Tingkatkan gaya menulis dengan pelbagai struktur:

1. Simple: He studies daily.

2. Compound: He studies daily and completes his work.

3. Complex: He studies daily because he wants to excel.

📘 Tip: Gunakan ketiga-tiganya dalam satu karangan untuk elak monotonous tone.

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📄 Page 308 – Combining Vocabulary and Style

Gabungkan gaya penulisan menarik dengan kosa kata kaya.

• Gunakan adjective & adverb tepat.

• Elak perkataan lemah seperti very good, nice, bad.
  📘 Contoh:

• Tukar very good → excellent

• Tukar very bad → terrible

• Tukar very big → enormous

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📄 Page 309 – Practice on Figures of Speech in Writing

Latihan guna gaya bahasa dalam karangan.

Gaya Bahasa	Contoh
Simile	As gentle as a lamb.
Metaphor	Time is a thief.
Personification	The stars winked at me.
Hyperbole	I’ve told you a thousand times.

📘 Tip: Gunakan satu atau dua gaya bahasa untuk karangan lebih hidup.

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📄 Page 310 – Final Revision: Writing Checklist

✅ Gunakan struktur karangan 3 bahagian.
✅ Semak grammar & tanda baca.
✅ Gunakan vocabulary bervariasi.
✅ Tambah idioms, simile, atau metaphor untuk kesan menarik.
✅ Akhiri dengan rumusan yang kuat dan berinspirasi.

📘 Contoh penutup karangan yang baik:

In conclusion, discipline is not just a rule but a way of life that leads to success.

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📄 Page 311 – Model Essay: Discipline Leads to Success

Introduction:
Discipline means self-control and obedience to rules.
Tanpa disiplin, tiada kejayaan yang kekal.

Body:

• Discipline helps students manage time and respect authority.

• Great leaders succeed because they follow discipline in work and life.

• Laziness and indiscipline bring failure.

Conclusion:
Discipline is the key to success — it turns dreams into reality.

📘 Moral: Self-control leads to greatness.

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📄 Page 312 – Model Essay: The Use of Technology in Education

Introduction:
Technology has transformed learning. Computers, tablets, and the internet make education easier and faster.

Body:

• Students can access global knowledge.

• Teachers can use multimedia for creative lessons.

• But overuse can lead to distraction and addiction.

Conclusion:
Use technology wisely — as a tool, not as a master.

📘 Moral: Balance is the true mark of wisdom.

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📄 Page 313 – Model Essay: Patience is a Virtue

Introduction:
Patience means calm endurance in difficult times.

Body:

• Success often comes to those who wait and work steadily.

• Impatience causes mistakes and regret.

• Many great inventions took years of patient effort.

Conclusion:
Patience brings peace and progress — it is the foundation of success.

📘 Moral: “Good things come to those who wait.”

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📄 Page 314 – Model Essay: Pollution and Its Effects

Introduction:
Pollution is one of the biggest problems in today’s world.

Body:

• Air, water, and land pollution harm health and nature.

• Factories, vehicles, and plastic waste make it worse.

• Everyone must act — recycle, plant trees, reduce waste.

Conclusion:
Let’s protect our planet — it’s our only home.

📘 Moral: Clean Earth, Green Earth. 🌿

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📄 Page 315 – Model Essay: My Role Model

Introduction:
A role model inspires us to become better people.

Body:

• My role model is my teacher/father/mother (pilih satu).

• They are honest, hardworking, and kind.

• I learn from their discipline and compassion.

Conclusion:
A true role model shapes our character by example.

📘 Moral: “Example is better than precept.”

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📄 Page 316 – Final Composition Tips

✅ Pilih tajuk yang anda faham.
✅ Guna ayat pendek & jelas.
✅ Setiap perenggan = 1 isi utama.
✅ Elak ejaan salah & frasa rojak.
✅ Akhiri dengan pengajaran.

📘 Tip tambahan:

“Write with your heart, edit with your head.”

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📄 Page 317 – Final Grammar Test (Objective)

1️⃣ Choose the correct sentence:

• a) He don’t like tea. ❌

• b) He doesn’t like tea. ✅

2️⃣ Choose correct preposition:

• She is afraid ___ snakes. → of ✅

3️⃣ Correct form of verb:

• He ___ (go) to school yesterday. → went ✅

4️⃣ Identify part of speech:

• Quickly → adverb.

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📄 Page 318 – Final Grammar Test (Transformations)

1️⃣ He is very strong. → He is not weak.
2️⃣ The boy who won the prize is my friend. → The boy winning the prize is my friend.
3️⃣ He said, “I am ready.” → He said that he was ready.

📘 Tip: Faham maksud sebelum tukar struktur.

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📄 Page 319 – Vocabulary & Idioms Test

Pilih makna betul bagi idiom:

Idiom	Meaning
A blessing in disguise	something good hidden in difficulty
To beat around the bush	avoid the main topic
A piece of cake	something very easy
Once in a blue moon	very rare

📘 Latih hafalan 5 idioms sehari untuk karangan & speaking.

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📄 Page 320 – Comprehensive Practice Paper

🧾 Mengandungi semua jenis soalan:

1. Grammar correction (10 marks)

2. Transformation of sentences (10 marks)

3. Vocabulary & idioms (10 marks)

4. Comprehension passage (20 marks)

5. Short composition (25 marks)

6. Letter writing (25 marks)

💯 Markah penuh: 100 marks
📘 Format ini menyerupai peperiksaan sebenar sekolah menengah / MUET asas.

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🎓 Tahniah besar! Anda kini telah menamatkan nota sehingga muka surat 320, termasuk semua topik:

• Grammar & Vocabulary

• Writing & Composition

• Idioms, Proverbs & Style

• Practice Tests & Essays

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📄 Page 321 – Final Examination Paper 1 (Grammar Focus)

🧾 Bahagian A – Tenses & Verbs (20 marks)
1️⃣ Isi tempat kosong:

• She ___ (go) to school every morning. → goes ✅

• They ___ (play) football yesterday. → played ✅

🧾 Bahagian B – Articles & Prepositions (10 marks)

• ___ sun rises in ___ east. → The sun rises in the east. ✅

• He sat ___ the chair. → on ✅

🧾 Bahagian C – Sentence Correction (10 marks)

• He do not knows the answer. ❌ → He does not know the answer. ✅

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📄 Page 322 – Final Examination Paper 2 (Structure & Vocabulary)

🧾 Bahagian A – Transformation (15 marks)

• He is very wise. → He is not foolish.

• She said, “I am busy.” → She said that she was busy.

🧾 Bahagian B – Vocabulary & Idioms (10 marks)

Idiom	Meaning
A piece of cake	Something very easy
Break the ice	Start a conversation
A blessing in disguise	Hidden good fortune

🧾 Bahagian C – Figures of Speech (5 marks)

• The sun smiled at us. → Personification

• He fought like a lion. → Simile

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📄 Page 323 – Final Examination Paper 3 (Comprehension & Writing)

🧾 Bahagian A – Comprehension (20 marks)
📘 Passage Example:

Trees are very important to life. They provide shade, food, and oxygen.

Soalan:

1. What do trees provide? → Shade, food, and oxygen.

2. Why are trees important? → They support life.

🧾 Bahagian B – Short Composition (20 marks)
Tulis karangan 100–120 patah perkataan.
📘 Tajuk: My Favourite Hobby

Reading improves knowledge and gives peace of mind.

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📄 Page 324 – Final Examination Paper 4 (Letter Writing & Grammar Mix)

📘 Bahagian A – Formal Letter (25 marks)
Tajuk: Application for a Library Card

• Format: Address → Date → Salutation → Body → Closing.

I would like to apply for a new library card as my previous one was lost.

📘 Bahagian B – Grammar (15 marks)

• Correct the following:

  1. He is senior than me. ❌ → He is senior to me. ✅

  2. She did not knew the answer. ❌ → She did not know the answer. ✅

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📄 Page 325 – Answer Key (Paper 1 & 2)

• ✅ She goes to school every morning.

• ✅ The sun rises in the east.

• ✅ He does not know the answer.

• ✅ Break the ice = Start a conversation.

• ✅ The sun smiled at us = Personification.

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📄 Page 326 – Answer Key (Paper 3 & 4)

📘 Comprehension Answers:

1. Trees give shade, food, and oxygen.

2. They are important because they help life on earth.

📘 Composition:

• Pastikan 3 perenggan: Intro – Body – Conclusion.

• Marking guide:

  • Grammar (10 marks)

  • Content (10 marks)

  • Presentation (5 marks)

📘 Letter Writing:

• Format (5 marks)

• Content (10 marks)

• Grammar (5 marks)

• Style (5 marks)

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📄 Page 327 – Appendix I: List of Irregular Verbs

Base	Past	Past Participle
go	went	gone
eat	ate	eaten
write	wrote	written
see	saw	seen
take	took	taken

📘 Tip: Hafal 5 kata kerja tidak tetap setiap hari.

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📄 Page 328 – Appendix II: Common Prepositional Phrases

Phrase	Meaning	Example
according to	based on	According to the news, it will rain.
in front of	before	The car is in front of the house.
because of	due to	He was absent because of illness.

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📄 Page 329 – Appendix III: Common Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal Verb	Meaning	Example
give up	stop doing	He gave up smoking.
look after	take care of	She looks after her parents.
turn on	start (machine)	Please turn on the fan.
put off	postpone	The meeting was put off.

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📄 Page 330 – Appendix IV: Common Abbreviations

Abbreviation	Full Form
e.g.	for example
i.e.	that is
etc.	and so on
Mr. / Mrs. / Dr.	Titles
a.m. / p.m.	morning / evening time

📘 Note: Abbreviations should not be overused in formal writing.

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🎓 Penutup (Final Summary):

• Grammar = Struktur asas komunikasi.

• Vocabulary = Warna dalam bahasa.

• Writing = Seni menyusun fikiran.

• Practice = Jalan menuju kemahiran sebenar.

✨ “Learn the rules like a pro, so you can use them like an artist.”

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Bahagian ini berisi lampiran tambahan (Appendices) — seperti senarai idioms, phrasal verbs, peraturan gaya penulisan, dan petua belajar Bahasa Inggeris dengan berkesan.

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📄 Page 331 – Appendix V: Common Idioms (1)

Idiom	Meaning	Example
a blessing in disguise	something good hidden in difficulty	Losing that job was a blessing in disguise.
add fuel to the fire	make a bad situation worse	His rude words added fuel to the fire.
all in all	generally / overall	All in all, it was a good trip.
at the eleventh hour	just in time	He finished his homework at the eleventh hour.

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📄 Page 332 – Appendix V: Common Idioms (2)

Idiom	Meaning	Example
by heart	from memory	He knows the poem by heart.
call it a day	stop working	Let’s call it a day, we’re tired.
in hot water	in trouble	He got in hot water for being late.
under the weather	feeling ill	I’m feeling under the weather today.

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📄 Page 333 – Appendix VI: Common Collocations

📘 Collocation = dua perkataan yang sering digunakan bersama.

Verb + Noun	Adjective + Noun	Verb + Preposition
make a decision	heavy rain	depend on
do homework	strong tea	look at
take a break	fast car	listen to

📘 Tip: Collocation menjadikan bahasa lebih natural.

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📄 Page 334 – Appendix VII: Common Prefixes & Suffixes

Prefix	Meaning	Example
un-	not	unhappy
re-	again	rewrite
pre-	before	preview
mis-	wrong	misunderstand

Suffix	Meaning	Example
-ful	full of	hopeful
-less	without	careless
-ness	state of being	kindness

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📄 Page 335 – Appendix VIII: British vs American English

British	American
colour	color
centre	center
traveller	traveler
cheque	check
lift	elevator
lorry	truck

📘 Tip: Gunakan satu gaya konsisten — sama ada British atau American English.

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📄 Page 336 – Appendix IX: Commonly Confused Words (Advanced)

Word	Meaning	Example
adapt	to adjust	We must adapt to change.
adopt	to take as one’s own	They adopted a baby.
beside	next to	Sit beside me.
besides	in addition to	Besides English, she speaks Malay.

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📄 Page 337 – Appendix X: Proverbs List (1)

Proverb	Meaning
Actions speak louder than words.	Deeds are more important than promises.
Don’t count your chickens before they hatch.	Don’t assume success too early.
The early bird catches the worm.	Those who act early succeed first.
Where there’s a will, there’s a way.	Determination brings results.

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📄 Page 338 – Appendix X: Proverbs List (2)

Proverb	Meaning
A friend in need is a friend indeed.	True friends help during hard times.
Honesty is the best policy.	Always tell the truth.
Practice makes perfect.	Repetition leads to mastery.
Better late than never.	It’s okay to be late rather than never do it.

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📄 Page 339 – Appendix XI: Tips for Learning English

💡 Petua Pembelajaran Efektif:

1. Baca 10 minit setiap hari (artikel, cerpen, berita).

2. Tulis 5 ayat baru setiap hari dengan grammar betul.

3. Hafal 5 perkataan baru + 1 idiom setiap hari.

4. Tonton rancangan Inggeris & dengar sebutan.

5. Semak kesalahan sendiri — tulis semula versi betul.

📘 Consistent small steps lead to big fluency.

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📄 Page 340 – Final Words from the Authors

“This book is not an end, but a beginning —
A bridge between knowledge and expression.” 🌿

Pesanan Penulis:

• Gunakan buku ini bukan hanya untuk peperiksaan,
  tetapi untuk membina keindahan berbahasa dan keyakinan diri.

• Grammar bukan sekadar peraturan, tetapi seni berfikir dengan tepat.

📘 Motivasi akhir:

“Master English grammar — and the world will understand your words.” ✨

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🎓 Tahniah!
Anda kini sudah melengkapkan keseluruhan buku Wren & Martin hingga muka surat 340 — dari asas tatabahasa, idiom, peribahasa, penulisan, hingga latihan lanjutan dan panduan belajar.